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| 論文名稱 | 從同性婚姻釋憲案省察人文思想之變遷 |
| 研討會開始日期 | 2019-08-20 |
| 研討會結束日期 | 2019-08-20 |
| 所有作者 | 郭慧根 |
| 作者順序 | 第一作者 |
| 通訊作者 | 否 |
| 研討會名稱 | 2019年人文資源研究暨通識教育學術研討會 |
| 是否具有對外公開徵稿及審稿制度 | 是 |
| 研討會舉行之國家 | NATTWN-中華民國 |
| 研討會舉行之城市 | 屏東 |
| 發表年份 | 2019 |
| 所屬計劃案 | 無 |
| 可公開文檔 |
|
| 可公開文檔 | |
| 可公開文檔 |
[摘要] :
2015年美國聯邦最高法院依據正當法律程序和平等保護兩條款，認為同性婚姻是憲法保障的權利。我國司法院大法官會議於2017年也透過第748號解釋，依憲法第7、22條應保障同性之婚姻自由權。並且該號解釋認為婚姻是：｢二人為經營共同生活之目的，成立具有親密性及排他性之永久結合關係｣，與大法官第554號解釋相較，除性別組合的範圍不同，並且也沒有繁衍後嗣、倫理道德等社會功能，走向個人化的趨勢。從美國聯邦最高法法院的判例內容，也看到該院不願受到猶太-基督信仰的拘束，而走向世俗化、個人隱私的保障。此種法學思想變化，證諸歐美思想就可以看到脈絡。古代歐洲從基督信仰建立婚姻的特點：以永恆上帝為核心，帶來男女夫妻的長久結合與共融，形成一體關係，並視繁衍後嗣為祝福、夫妻關係為社會倫理的基礎。但後續二千年以上，歐洲不斷世俗化，上帝信仰被淡化、排除，乃至整個婚姻關係被個人自由的角度檢視、解構。所以原本一元的原道主義逐漸走向世俗的多元主義，男女二性的要件被多元性別取代。因此原來婚姻關係承襲基督信仰的其他要件也可能受到挑戰，彰顯未來世代的社會組織離散化趨勢，未來的立法和司法將繼續面對此一趨勢，因應新的法律挑戰，如多元家庭、通姦罪除罪化等。
[英文摘要] :
In 2015, based on two clauses, due process of law and Equal Protection Clause, the Supreme Court of the United States claimed that same-sex marriage belonged to constitutional protection of human rights. In 2017, the Grand Justices Council in Taiwan also explained, via J. Y. Interpretation No. 748, that the same-sex marriage right was protected by the Constitution according to its Article 7 and 22. It also interpreted marriage as two persons create a permanent union of intimate and exclusive nature for the committed purpose of managing a life together. Compared to J. Y. Interpretation No. 554, this Interpretation did not bind marriage with certain gender combination, procreation, and social order. It is in accordance with the trend of individualism. From the US Supreme Court’s precedents, it shows that the Court does not want to be bound by Judeo Christian ethics. The Court adopts secularism and the protection of individual privacy. The change of legal consideration is found in the context of European thought. In the past, Europeans established their marriage foundation on Christianity where the eternal God was the core to bring forever unions of couples. Christians viewed children as blessings from God and family as the foundation of the society. Yet for the past two thousand years, Europeans have been secularized and the ethics of God has been faded or excluded. The marriage relationship is finally examined and deconstructed from the perspective of individualistic freedom. Logocentrism is replaced by secular pluralism. Gender dualism, the necessary condition for a family, is replaced by gender pluralism. Thus, the other necessary conditions for marriage relationship, which are based on Christianity, will be challenged in the future. It exemplifies the tendency of future societal structure—discretization. The legislature and jurisdiction will continue to face this trend in the future. More legal cases fighting for polygamous families and decriminalization of adultery are expected.
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