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| 論文名稱 | 以人類演化角度談通識教育之因材施教 |
| 研討會開始日期 | 2022-05-27 |
| 研討會結束日期 | 2022-05-27 |
| 所有作者 | 萬政康 |
| 作者順序 | 第一作者 |
| 通訊作者 | 是 |
| 研討會名稱 | 2022年歷史與文化暨通識教育學術研討會 |
| 是否具有對外公開徵稿及審稿制度 | 是 |
| 研討會舉行之國家 | NATTWN-中華民國 |
| 研討會舉行之城市 | 高雄市 |
| 發表年份 | 2022 |
| 所屬計劃案 | 無 |
| 可公開文檔 |
|
| 可公開文檔 | |
| 可公開文檔 |
[摘要] :
以人類演化角度談通識教育之因材施教
General education according to student’s difference of natural ability from human evolution
萬政康
摘 要
因材施教是課程設計重要的考量之一，以人類演化的角度來看，受教者確實有不同的求知方式。目前主要研究顯示，現代人約20-30萬年前於非洲出現，約7或8萬年前，可能因環境及氣候變遷而走出非洲，並散布於世界各大洲。早期的現代人以狩獵與採集求生方式為主，約1萬年有農業發展之後，演化成畜牧及農耕族群，兩族群之文化及從小的訓練確實不同。簡單說畜牧族群逐水草而居(常接觸不同生態環境及族群)，可能對影像記憶較敏感(較佳)，且從小訓練知識求廣博。而採集族群於特定生態區，演化成長年經營固定農地之農耕族群。農業生產力要增加必須精益求精(而此更需要文字紀錄之傳承)，因此可能對文字記憶較敏感(較佳)，且知識注重專精。基本上，受教者會有影像記憶較佳(追求知識之廣博性)，及文字記憶較佳(追求知識之專精性)的差異。畜牧及農耕兩族群的差異，即是適應地球上不同生態區所演化之生存方式。長期演化結果更造成求知方式的差異，再加上族群融合的複雜性。因材施教應是課程設計的重要考量之一，抑是大學教育(專業教育及通識教育)與文藻3L(Life, Language & Leadership)之主要教育理念之一。
關鍵字：專業教育及通識教育、人類演化、農耕族群及畜牧族群
[英文摘要] :
Abstract
One of major design of education is to consider the difference in student’s natural ability from human evolution. Recent studies suggest that, modern humans (Homo sapiens) most likely developed in the Africa between 300,000 and 200,000 years ago. The most significant out of Africa migration took place about 70,000–50,000 years ago, and then dispersed throughout the world. The major survival lifestyles were hunting and gathering. Around 10,000 years ago, The Neolithic Revolution, or the (First) Agricultural Revolution, was the wide-scale transition of lifestyle from hunting and gathering to agriculture and nomadism. Agricultural Revolution caused settlement was also one of major reasons of increase in human population. Tow kind lifestyle have different culture and natural ability. In brief, farming groups deal with fixed farmland for a long time. Ancestor records (especially for written record) are important for productivity. The essentially natural ability lay particular stress on written record (contrast to picture record) and specialization. The nomadic groups, by contrast, never settle down and migrate on different cultures and farming groups. The picture record and general knowledge could be more impotent than written record and specialization. Different way of seeking knowledge between two groups are major result from human evolution in the different earth ecosystems. These result in the coexistence of professional and general educations in university. The Wenzao’s 3L (Life, Language & Leadership) educational philosophy are also the same idea to consider the difference in student’s natural ability from human evolution.
Key words: professional and general educations, human evolution, farming groups and nomadic groups.
[參考文獻] :
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