研究資料首頁-> 研討會論文
研究資料明細
[英文摘要] :
請在此輸入英文摘要
This paper reports on a study involving texts written in four different genres (explanation, argument, recount and
classification) by Taiwanese citizens (experienced and novice writers). Some of the texts were written in Chinese,
some in English; some were written by students, some by expert/ experienced writers. Analysis of these texts in terms
of overall rhetorical structuring and internal discourse patterning indicated that there were no significant differences
between the texts written in English and the texts written in Chinese. In fact, the texts written in Chinese by expert
writers of Chinese were often closer to prototypes derived from the analysis of academic articles appearing in Englishmedium
academic journals than were the texts written in English by both native and non-native speakers of English.
This study highlights a number of issues that are critical in relation to the ways in which Chinese writers (and other
non-Western writers) are typically stereotyped in Western literature. Its implications for the design of writing courses for
non-native speakers of English are discussed in the context of a critique of deficit-based modelling.
[參考文獻] :
請在此輸入參考文獻
Bruce, I. J. (2003). Cognitive genre prototype
modelling and its implications for the teaching of
academic writing to learners of English as a second
language. PhD thesis. New Zealand: University of
Waikato.
Cahill, D. (2003). The myth of the ‘turn’ in contrastive
rhetoric. Written Communication, 20(2), 170- 194.
Cai, G. (1993). Texts in contexts: Understanding
Chinese Students’ English compositions. In C. R.
Cooper and L. Odell (Ed.) (2nd edition). Evaluating
writing. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of
English.
Chou, H. L. (1989). Contrastive rhetoric: Chinese and
English. Paper from the Sixth Conference on English
Teaching and Learning in the Republic of China (pp.
251-269). Taipei: Crane.
Council of Europe. (2001). Common European
framework of reference for languages: Learning,
teaching, assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Crombie, W. (1985a). Discourse and language learning:
A relational approach to syllabus design. London:
Oxford University Press.
Crombie, W. (1985b). Process and relation in discourse
and language learning. London: Oxford University Press.
Crombie, W. (1987). Free verse and prose style: An
operational definition and description. London:
Routledge, Kegan and Paul.
Fagan, E. R. & Cheong, P. (1987). Contrastive rhetoric:
pedagogical implication for the ESL teacher in
Singapore. RELC: A Journal of Language Teaching
and Research in Southeast Asia 18/1, pp.19 – 31.
Hermans, H. & Kempen, H. (1998). Moving cultures:
the perilous problems of cultural dichotomies in
a globalizing society. American Psychologist, 53,
1111-1120.
Hinds, J. (1983). Contrastive rhetoric: Japanese and
English. Text 3(2), 183 – 195.
Hinds, J. (1987). Reader versus writer responsibility: A
new typology. In Connor, U. & Kaplan, R. B. (Eds.).
Writing across languages: Analysis of L2 text (pp.
141–152). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Hoey, M. (1983). On the surface of discourse. London:
George Allen and Unwin.
Huang, J. 1989. Pro-drop in Chinese: A generalised
control theory. In O. Jaeggli and K.J. Safir (Eds.).
The null subject parameter (pp. 185–214).
Dordrecht, Holland: Kluwer.
Johnson, M. (1987). The body in the mind: The bodily
basis of meaning, imagination, and reason. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
Kaplan, Robert A. (1966). Cultural thought patterns
in inter-cultural education. Language Learning, 16
(1-2), 11-25.
Kaplan, R.B. (1972). A convey of examples. The
anatomy of rhetoric: Prolegomena to a functional
theory of rhetoric. Philadelphia: Center for
Curriculum Development.
Kaplan. R. B. (1987). Cultural thought patterns
revisited. In U. Connor & R. B. Kaplan (Ed.). Writing
across languages: Analysis of L2 text. Reading, MA:Addison-Wesley.
Kaplan, R.B. (1988). Contrastive rhetoric and second
language learning: Notes toward a theory of
contrastive rhetoric. In A. C. Purves (Ed.). Writing
across languages and cultures: Issues in contrastive
rhetoric (pp. 275 – 304). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Kirkpatrick, A. (1997). Traditional Chinese text
structures and their influence on the writing in
Chinese and English of contemporary mainland
Chinese students. Journal of Second Language
Writing, 6(3), pp. 223 – 224.
Kubota, R. (1999). Japanese culture constructed
by discourses: Implications for applied linguistics
research and ELT. TESOL Quarterly 33(1), 9-35.
Laclau, E., & Mouffe, C. (2001 [1985]) Hegemony and
socialist strategy. Towards a radical democratic
politics (2nd edition.). London: Verso.
Liao, M-T & Chen, C-H (2009). Rhetorical strategies
in Chinese and English: A comparison of L1
composition textbooks. Foreign Language Annals,
42/4, pp. 695 – 720
Lin, C. Y. (1987). A second thought on Robert Kaplan’s
theory of Chinese thought pattern. Paper from the
Third Conference on English Teaching and Learning
in the Republic of China, 187-196. Taipei: Crane.
Matalene, C. (1985). Contrastive rhetoric: An American
writing teacher in China. In a. C. Lindeberg, N. E.
Enkvist & K. Wikberg (Eds.). Nordic research on text
and discourse. Nordtext Symposium 1990.
Mo, J. Q. (莫建清). (1985). 從段落的觀點談英語閱讀
(Talking about English reading from the prospective
of paragraphs). Paper from the Second Conference
on English Teaching and Learning in the Republic of
China (pp. 55-72). Taipei: Crane.
Mohan, B.A. & Lo, W. A-Y, (1985). Academic writing
and Chinese students: Transfer and developmental
factors. TESOL Quarterly 19(3), pp. 515 – 534.
Ng, R. M-C (2002). Culture and modernization: The
case of the People’s Republic of China. In X. Lu,
W. Jia, D. R. Heisey (eds.). Chinese communication
studies: Contexts and comparisons (pp, 33 – 45).London: Ablex Publishing.
Severino, C. (1993), The doodles in context: Qualifying
claims about contrastive rhetoric. The Writing
Center Journal, 14(1), 44 – 62.
Swales, J. M. (1981). Aspects of article introductions.
(Aston ESP Research Rep. No 1.) Birmingham,
England: Language Studies Unit, The University of
Aston.
Swales, J. M. (1990). Genre analysis: English in
academic and research settings. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Taylor, G & Chen, T. (1991). Linguistic, cultural and
subcultural issues in contrastive discourse: Anglo-
American and Chinese scientific texts. Applied
Linguistics, 12(3), 319-327.
Van Dijk, T. A. (1980). Macrostructures: An
interdisciplinary study of global structures in
discourse, interaction and cognition. Hillsdale, NJ:
Erlbaum.
Wang, Y-K., Chen, Y-S., and Hsu, W-L. (1998).
Empirical study of Mandarin Chinese discourse
analysis: An event-based approach. Proceedings
of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Tools
with Artificial Intelligence. Taipei, Taiwan.
Zhu, Y. (1997). An analysis of structural moves in
Chinese sales letters. Text, 17, 543- 566.