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論文名稱	Undergraduates’ Out-Of-Class Learning: Exploring EFL Students’ Autonomous Learning Behaviors and Their Usage of Resources
發表日期	2019-06-26
論文收錄分類	其他
所有作者	Hui-Chun Hsieh, Hui-Lin Hsieh
作者順序	第二作者
通訊作者	否
刊物名稱	Education Sciences
發表卷數
是否具有審稿制度	是
發表期數
期刊或學報出版地國別/地區	NATCHE-瑞士聯邦
發表年份	2019
發表月份	6
發表形式	電子期刊
所屬計劃案	無
可公開文檔
可公開文檔
可公開文檔

[英文摘要] :
Educational research is increasingly paying attention to students’ out-of-class learning.
Students’ out-of-class learning is linked to improved class performance and constitutes an important
part of learner development. Prior research has argued that learning-resources provision should
encourage students’ autonomous learning both in and out of the classroom [Benson, 2013; Benson &
Reinders, 2011; Gardner&Miller, 1999; Little, 1997; Richards, 2015]. However, work on autonomy often
proceeds via generalities rather than focusing on its enactment in individual behavior. Accordingly,
this study investigated 35 EFL undergraduates’ autonomous learning behaviors and their use of
resources of the learning center of a university. Data were collected via email interviews with the
participants and examination of their resources-usage records. Content analysis of the interview data,
using six categories based on a learner-autonomy model, was used to generate each participant’s
autonomy score. Spearman rho testing of the relationship between those scores and the students’
resources-usage scores suggested a very strong positive relationship between autonomous learning
behaviors and overall usage of resources, as well as the variety of those resources used by individuals.
Data analysis also revealed that, to varying degrees, each participant’s autonomous-learning behaviors
(based on qualitative examples) fell into more than one of the six learner-autonomy types. Based on
these findings, it is recommended that students be encouraged to learn beyond the classroom through
pedagogical activities that link classroom learning to learning-center resources. Based on the findings
of this study we make suggestions on pedagogical design with SAC and applications for SACs in
other educational contexts.
Keywords: autonomous learning; learning resources; out-of-class learning; learning beyond classroom

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