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| 論文名稱 | 權力或犯罪？從法哲學的觀點論刑法對自殺及其協助行為的評價 |
| 研討會開始日期 | 2010-10-22 |
| 研討會結束日期 | 2010-10-24 |
| 所有作者 | 王志堅、林信銘 |
| 作者順序 | 第一作者 |
| 通訊作者 | 是 |
| 研討會名稱 | 2010第六屆生命教育學術研討會《愛與死》 |
| 是否具有對外公開徵稿及審稿制度 | 是 |
| 研討會舉行之國家 | NATTWN-中華民國 |
| 研討會舉行之城市 | 台北 |
| 發表年份 | 2010 |
| 所屬計劃案 | 無 |
| 可公開文檔 |
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| 可公開文檔 | |
| 可公開文檔 |
[摘要] :
本文首先分析，在德國與我國刑法規範中，自殺及其協助行為有評價上的矛盾之處存在，而此矛盾實源自於對自殺是「權利」或「犯罪」的基本立場有所模糊所導致。
從法律系統來看，要回答個人是否有死亡權的問題，必須回到憲法對於人的基本權的討論。現代法治國中，憲法作為規範法律的規範，本文從人性尊嚴的觀念內涵說明，關於自殺的生命自決能力並非憲法基本權的保護範圍，因此自殺並不屬於法律體系所稱的權利。
從刑法的社會保護目的來看，現行刑法其實以未明文的犯罪來定義自殺，這是自殺的協助行為被科以刑責的主要關鍵，但是把協助行為連結到殺人罪的評價方式，其實又再度混淆自殺與殺人兩者在本質上的差異，以致於造成在經驗或法律感情上相當不合理的落差。
本文主張，修改現行刑法的評價體系，在理論上評價自殺為刑法上單獨成立的一種犯罪，只因法理上及事實上的困難而不必明訂條文來處罰，但因此而將協助自殺行為與殺人罪之關連切開，重新建立刑法評價自殺及其協助行為的完整體系。
[英文摘要] :
This study intends to analyze the contrasiction between suicide and assisted suicide in comparison of the criminal law from Germany and Taiwan. This kind of contradiction is mainly from the vague standing on whether suicide is a right or a crime.
Based on the current legal infrastructure, we need to focus and back to the constitutional fundamental rights to respond the question if a person has a right to choose to die. In modern nations of rule of law, constitution os the principle of all laws. In this study, we explain from the concept of Human dignity to support the reason I dedicate that suicide is considered to be a human self-determination right and shall be excluded from those constitutional fundamental rights. Thus, suicide cannot be taken as a right in the current legal system.
As to the purpose of criminal law in protecting our society, it defines suicide as a crime without a written document, as well as, this is the key factor why assistant suicide will be convicted. However, it is again unreasonable and unfair to connect this assistance with murder; they are indeed different in essence, hence this may occur a confusion on the basis of suicide and murder and make a very irrational diversity in experiences and law.
This article contends that the current appraisal of criminal law needs to be altered into making suicide and individual category of crime; in the consideration of the suffer from the suicides, the penalty is probably not necessary. Thus, suicide and its assistance are divided from murder and reconstruct into a more complete system and redefine their appraisal in criminal law.
