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| 論文名稱 | 制度與行為者的考驗：從歐洲之國際移民危機檢視歐盟移民政策 |
| 發表日期 | 2019-06-30 |
| 論文收錄分類 | 其他 |
| 所有作者 | 王槐仁 |
| 作者順序 | 第一作者 |
| 通訊作者 | 是 |
| 刊物名稱 | 樹德科技大學通識專刊(ISSN) |
| 發表卷數 | |
| 是否具有審稿制度 | 是 |
| 發表期數 | 13 |
| 期刊或學報出版地國別/地區 | NATTWN-中華民國 |
| 發表年份 | 2019 |
| 發表月份 | 6 |
| 發表形式 | 紙本及電子期刊 |
| 所屬計劃案 | 無 |
| 可公開文檔 |
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| 可公開文檔 |
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| 可公開文檔 |
[摘要] :
自二戰結束之後，歐洲的內陸移民呈現從南向北遷徙的現象；在柏林圍牆傾倒之後，移民遷徙則呈現由東向西的情形。近年來，遷入歐洲的移民，除了來自地中海周邊的北非國家外，主要則是來自於內部戰亂不止的中東國家。歐盟依循聯合國的規範，以追求塑造歐盟成為一個和諧的歐洲共同市場，朝向建立「自由、安全與公正的區域」為宗旨，作為規劃歐盟移民政策的方針；然而，在2015年遭遇到大量的難民潮擁入歐盟尋求庇護的情況後，使得歐盟出現所謂的「移民危機」，此危機不僅考驗現行的移民制度，同時也考驗歐盟成員國的應變舉措。本文試圖從歐盟的移民政策探討當制度與行為者產生背離的情況時，亦即當事實超越制度所規範的情形，或是當制度缺乏對行為者約束的力量時，此刻歐盟的機制與各個成員國家應立即採取的作為是修正制度或強化制度，方可避免移民造成的危機擴大或再生。
[英文摘要] :
After World War II, the immigrants moved from south to north in Europe; and then, after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the European immigrants moved from east to west as well. These two situations of migration were happened in internal territory of the Europe. However, in recent years, most of the immigrants moved into Europe from Middle Eastern countries which were suffered in the war and in the insecure status. The EU follows the norms of the United Nations and seeks to become a harmonious European Common Market, to establish a freedom, security and justice region, and to constitute migration policy. However, in 2015, the EU met with a flux of refugees flooded into its territory to seek asylum. This terrible situation gets now so-called "European migrant crisis" which is not only a test to the institutions, but also a test to the actors. This paper attempts to discuss both institutions and actors while they are showed the phenomenon of divergence. It means, on the one hand, the real situation has gone beyond the capacity of the actors while they are regulated by the institutions; on the other hand, the institutions are lack of effectiveness to constraint the actors while they do not play their roles. It is time to consider correcting or reinforcing the institutions in order to avoid the expansion or regeneration of the crisis.
[參考文獻] :
Peter Stalker著，蔡繼光譯，2002。《國際遷徙與移民：解讀「離國出走」》（The No-Nonsense Guide to International Migration (No-Nonsense Guides)）。台北市：書林。
Balleix, Corinne, 2013, La Politique Migratoire de l’Union Europeenne, Paris: Direction de l’information legale et asministrative.
Gibson, Rachel K., 2002, The Growth of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe, New York: The Edwin Mellen Press.
Grigg, D. B., 1977. “E. G. Ravenstein and the ‘Laws of Migration’,” Journal of Historical Geography. Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 41-54.
Lee, Everett S., 1966. “A Theory of Migration,” Demography. Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 47-57.
Opeskin, Brian, Richard Perruchoud, and Jillyanne Redpath-Cross, 2014, Le droit international de la migration, Genève: Schulthess.
Papagianni, Georgia. 2006, Institutional and Policy Dynamics of EU Migration Law, Leiden : Martinus Nijhoff Publish.
Roos, Christof, 2013, The EU and Immigration Policies: Cracks in the Walls of Fortress Europe? New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
網路資料：
張子清，〈德國低出生率，移民增加使人口數創新高〉，中央廣播電臺：https://www.rti.org.tw/ news/view/id/2009523，2019年1月25日。
Digithèque de MJP : http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/traites/1648westphalie.htm.
European Commission: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-15-5596_en.htm. Strasbourg, 9th September 2015.
