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It is commonly assumed that there are a number of significant differences between the ways in which texts written in English and texts written in Chinese are typically structured. In this paper, I report on a study involving texts written in four different genres (explanation, argument, recount and classification), some in Chinese; some in English. The writers included a number of groups: native speakers of Chinese judged to be highly competent in writing in Chinese; teachers of English (both native and non-native speakers of the language); Chinese speaking students of English. On the basis of writing prompts (provided in English or Chinese), the first group produced texts in Chinese; the second group produced texts in English; some members of the third group produced texts in Chinese, other members of that group produced texts in English. Analysis of these texts in terms of overall rhetorical structuring and internal discourse patterning indicated that there were no significant differences between the structuring of texts written in English and texts written in Chinese. Indeed, the texts written in Chinese by expert writers of Chinese were often closer to prototypes derived from the analysis of academic articles appearing in English-medium academic journals than were any of the other texts. This study highlights a number of issues that are critical in relation to (a) the ways in which Chinese writers are typically stereotyped in Western literature, (b) approaches to the teaching of writing in English to students whose first language is Chinese, and (c) the real nature of the barriers that non-native speakers of English need to overcome in attempting to have their research published.